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Written by Michel Fortin

Risk-Reversal's Role Reversal

PizzaThe greater por­tion of my career has been in copy­writ­ing, sell­ing and direct mar­ket­ing. And one of the com­mon denom­i­na­tors I’ve found in any suc­cess­ful piece of copy is the power of risk rever­sal. That is, tak­ing more of a risk from the sale than the pur­chaser of your product.

The greater the guar­an­tee, the greater the sales. This has been con­sis­tent in almost every indus­try in which I’ve worked, and with every split-​​test I’ve con­ducted. For exam­ple, a 30-​​day guar­an­tee will out­sell no guar­an­tee. A 90-​​day guar­an­tee will out­sell a 30-​​day one. And so on and so forth.

How­ever, there are some excep­tions to this rule.

Some­times, no guar­an­tees can out­per­form an offer with one. Why? This is per­haps because the indus­try is over­sat­u­rated with guar­an­tees, espe­cially far-​​fetched ones, that being dif­fer­ent can pro­vide a unique twist to an offer.

Inci­den­tally, one such bold non-​​guarantee offer that has worked extremely well — in the fit­ness indus­try, which is drown­ing in them (and some of them are so far-​​fetched they are too good to be true) — is the offer from body­builder Matt Furey.

Remem­ber that a guarantee’s job is not to relieve fear in a direct sense. It’s to increase con­fi­dence in the prod­uct. Matt Furey does a won­der­ful job in explain­ing why he doesn’t offer a guar­an­tee. His copy demon­strates his con­fi­dence in his prod­uct, which is like a guar­an­tee in itself.

Speak­ing of far-​​fetched, this is another type of guar­an­tee that can become counterproductive.

Guar­an­tees that are too strong (like one-​​year, life­time, etc) can uncon­sciously con­vey that the prod­uct is so poor that either the pur­chaser will for­get about the promise dur­ing the guarantee’s extended lifes­pan, or the author is try­ing to build per­ceived value in areas other than the prod­uct itself to make up for the lack.

Peo­ple can see through this, which is often con­ducive to low sales.

The pur­pose of a guar­an­tee is three­fold: to com­mu­ni­cate that the prod­uct has intrin­sic worth (e.g., “this is prod­uct is so good, I guar­an­tee it!”), to make the buyer feel more at ease with their buy­ing deci­sion, and to encour­age greater sales and profits.

(Sales is self-​​explanatory. But prof­its? Yes. Guar­an­tees can also decrease refunds and returns. I’ll come back to this in a moment.)

So objec­tively, add a guar­an­tee that’s easy, strong and log­i­cal (that is, not far-​​fetched). If it has the appear­ance of being far-​​fetched, either reduce it or add copy to jus­tify your attempt.

Just like the power of “reasons-​​why” adver­tis­ing, back it up. Pro­vide a log­i­cal, com­mon­sen­si­cal expla­na­tion behind your guar­an­tee to jus­tify it. The more you do, the more believ­able your guar­an­tee will be. Oth­er­wise, an overzeal­ous guar­an­tee will make your promise — and there­fore your offer — suspect.

But in the major­ity of cases, if you offer a prod­uct or ser­vice with­out a guar­an­tee, you’re los­ing a great per­cent­age of poten­tial sales.

Take for instance the story of the Mon­aghan broth­ers. The two ran a small busi­ness in order to pay their way through col­lege. While one worked the day shift in order to attend school at night, the other did the converse.

After about a year in the money-​​losing ven­ture, one of the broth­ers sold his share of the busi­ness for a beat-​​up old car. The other, how­ever, with a good dose of stick-​​to-​​it-​​iveness, decided to make some­thing of his fledg­ling pizzeria.

Accord­ing to some inter­views he recently gave, Tom Mon­aghan said that, at the time, he wasn’t quite sure that his deci­sion to put a guar­an­tee on his pizza deliv­ery would change much. But obvi­ously, his­tory tells us that his deci­sion was the great­est one he ever made.

By sim­ply mar­ket­ing the strength of a guar­an­tee (i.e., “Pizza deliv­ered fresh in 30 min­utes or it’s free”), Domino’s Pizza became the multimillion-​​dollar fran­chise oper­a­tion we know today.

Obvi­ously, the Inter­net has opened many doors, includ­ing those to many unscrupu­lous entrepreneurs.

Scams and snake oils are ram­pant online. Since there is no offi­cial police or watch­dog on the Inter­net (other than country-​​specific alpha­bet agen­cies, or region­ally accred­ited enti­ties), such scams are prob­a­bly even greater as a result.

I would even ven­ture to say that mil­lions of dol­lars are lost to these scam­sters each month. The Inter­net is rife with fraud­u­lent offers, phish­ing attempts and shoddy prod­ucts. Even laws, like the CAN-​​SPAM Act, don’t stop crafty entre­pre­neurs who are deter­mined to bypass the sys­tems to sell their wares.

So peo­ple are under­stand­ably leery, skep­ti­cal, dis­trust­ing and cautious.

In addi­tion to all meth­ods and ele­ments of proof that you can and should add to your copy, risk rever­sal is a pow­er­ful method to increase sales by eas­ing the buy­ing deci­sion and allay­ing fears con­sumers might have.

When peo­ple are con­sid­er­ing an offer, and if the offer is “too good to be true,” they will invari­ably seek out more secure means to ben­e­fit from it. Oth­er­wise, they will have a ten­dency to think, “What’s the catch?”

The use of tes­ti­mo­ni­als, proof ele­ments, sta­tis­tics, lab­o­ra­tory tests, clin­i­cal tri­als, case stud­ies, free tri­als and sam­ples, real pic­tures of the prod­uct in ques­tion, and so on are all incred­i­bly impor­tant. But guar­an­tees are also pow­er­ful tools and prob­a­bly one of the most underutilized.

Busi­ness own­ers are often leery them­selves of adding or extend­ing guar­an­tees because they fear the onslaught of losses from returns.

If the prod­uct is mediocre, sad to say that this fear is jus­ti­fied. But most prod­ucts are good and hon­est. (And granted, there are as many fraud­u­lent con­sumers out there as there are scams. Busi­nesses fear them equally as con­sumers fear buy­ing from fraudsters.)

But gen­er­ally, guar­an­tees will increase sales.

Chris Ayers, pub­lisher of Unlim­ited Traf­fic!, gives an aston­ish­ing real-​​life exam­ple. Writes Ayers:

“One of my first direct mail prod­ucts years ago was a self-​​study pro­gram. When I first offered the pro­gram in a mag­a­zine, my sales weren’t even enough to cover the cost of the ad. I changed my ad and sales let­ter to include a guar­an­tee. The num­ber of responses to the same ad increased by a fac­tor of 20 and my con­ver­sion rate from my sales let­ter rose from 10% to almost 40%.“

Remem­ber that adding a guar­an­tee might increase returns and refunds. But try it and do the math. In some cases, a small increase in refunds might be greatly over­shad­owed by a larger increase in sales.

For exam­ple, in one test I’ve con­ducted with a con­sult­ing client, we raised the guar­an­tee from a 30-​​day guar­an­tee to a 6-​​month dou­ble guarantee.

(The “dou­ble” included a 100%-money-back guar­an­tee within six months, and a double-​​your-​​money-​​back within the first 30 days.)

The result? Dur­ing the test, there were no refunds within the ini­tial 30 days. But refunds within the first six months increased from about 4% to 6.5%.

Of course, that’s sig­nif­i­cant. But look at the increase in sales…

Sales con­ver­sion went from a lit­tle less than 3% to 7%. Math­e­mat­i­cally, it means refunds increased by 62.5%, while sales increased by over 133% (i.e., twice as many more sales as the increase in refunds).

The les­son is this: while a guar­an­tee might increase refunds, the increase will be neg­li­gi­ble when con­trasted by the more sig­nif­i­cant increase in sales.

This is true in the major­ity of cases. But in other cases, net prof­its can increase quite sub­stan­tially. Even more than the norm.

Why? Because, unbe­knownst to many mar­keters, one of the most impor­tant ben­e­fits of using a guar­an­tee is the fact that it can actu­ally reduce returns.

For exam­ple, if you have a professionally-​​looking web­site, an eth­i­cal sales approach, and a proven prod­uct or ser­vice, the lack of a guar­an­tee will still, par­tic­u­larly on the Inter­net, cause most prospects to per­ceive your offer as ques­tion­able in the very least.

But adding a guar­an­tee not only increases sales because it removes the risk from the buyer’s mind, but it also increases per­ceived value and there­fore over­all con­fi­dence in the prod­uct and the seller as well.

In other words, when you offer a guar­an­tee, you reduce the skep­ti­cism around the pur­chase of your prod­uct or ser­vice. But guar­an­tees grant you an almost instant cred­i­bil­ity with poten­tial customers.

The exis­tence of a guar­an­tee raises their level of con­fi­dence — not only in buy­ing from you but in you. Thus, they are more apt to being tol­er­ant and per­haps even accept a few flaws, thereby reduc­ing the need to return the prod­uct at the slight­est “itch.”

And this is because they feel they are in good hands, whether they know this expe­ri­en­tially or not.

Accord­ing to cer­tain mar­keters such as Ayers, a strong guar­an­tee does result in fewer returns. For instance, Ayers got fewer returns with a 90-​​day guar­an­tee than he did with a 30-​​day guar­an­tee. Oth­ers got fewer returns when they offered to let clients keep some bonus items if the prod­uct was returned.

The par­al­lel obvi­ously dic­tates. While peo­ple order, espe­cially from the Inter­net because of the con­ve­nience it offers, an offer that pro­vides a no-​​hassle return pol­icy (or risk-​​free promise) adds to the con­ve­nience fac­tor and instills a greater con­fi­dence in the buyer’s psyche.

Ulti­mately, add a guar­an­tee to your offer. But don’t stop with just a plain guar­an­tee, or increas­ing your guarantee’s time­frame. Be cre­ative with your guarantee.

Think about dou­ble guar­an­tees, dou­ble– or triple-​​your-​​money-​​back guar­an­tees, gift cer­tifi­cates, the abil­ity to keep bonuses if they return the main prod­uct, keep­ing the prod­uct even if they ask for their money back, and even no guar­an­tees if you hap­pen to be in an indus­try inun­dated and fraught with them.

Bot­tom line, guar­an­tees will increase sales. And the stronger the guar­an­tee, the larger the increase. If you offer a prod­uct or ser­vice, find ways to offer a guar­an­tee along with it.

Rather than tak­ing a risk by remov­ing it from your poten­tial clients’ deci­sions, you will likely be decreas­ing it.

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